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domenica 13 ottobre 2019

Fixing a problem with HF reception on a chinese RTL SDR

I recently bought one of these little SDR boxes from a chinese vendor on the web. It was expected to allow reception of both VHF/UHF frequencies and HF frequencies.


Internally, the unit contains a small PCB from a typical RTL SDR dongle (built around the RT820T + RTL2832U chipset), mounted on a larger PCB and connected to it by means of few solder joints (on the back side of the larger PCB).
The larger PCB also hosts two SMA antenna connectors (labeled "UV" and "HF" on the aluminium enclosure), the USB connector for communicating with the PC (which runs the SDR sofware, typically the SDR# application) and a "power on" blue LED.
The "RTL SDR dongle" part of the unit is in charge of managing signals coming from the "UV" antenna connector (a SMA female port), just like on any typical USB-pluggable RTL SDR unit.
On the remaining area of the larger PCB, the "HF" antenna input is connected to a LPF filter followed by a single transistor stage, which purpose is to take the HF single-ended signal from the LPF filter and to translate it into a double-ended signal for the RTL2832U chip ("Q" port of the internal ADC, pins 4 and 5).



The RTL2832U must be configured for "direct sampling" mode of its "Q" input, to properly manage the HF signals received on its pins 4 and 5. This can be made by means of the SDR software application running on the PC (for example, the SDR# application).

That said, after having connected the unit and properly configured it on SDR#, I had to discover it didn't work on HF. After some investigation, I found that the transistor at the end of the HF branch (which is mainly in charge of generating a double-ended signal for the RTL2832 pins 4 and 5) did not show any voltage on the collector terminal.
I connected it to the 3,3V output from the voltage regulator on the RTL dongle PCB and things got better. Following photographs show the wiring from the AMS1117 voltage regulator (which takes the nominal 5V level from the USB port and produce a 3,3V level for the on-board devices) to the collector load resistor of the transistor (look at the blue arrow on photograph below).

You will also notice (in a yellow circle) a non-SMD ceramic capacitor (10 nF) that I have had to solder in place of a SMD capacitor that unfortunately I had broken during initial tests.



6 commenti:

  1. I have the same problem. But is your link to 3.3v the correct answer ? I have not seen any other reference to this problem on other blogs.

    RispondiElimina
    Risposte
    1. Hi Ray, a common emitter amplifier with 0 VDC at the collector looked somewhat unusual to me. The 3.3VDC out from the AMS1117 voltage regulator appeared to be the most natural power supply source to connect the collector resistor to. Things improved a bit actually, but HF reception was still unsatisfactory even compared to small portables like the XHDATA D-808 under the same conditions (in house reception with all kind of EMI sources around and a short telescopic whip or piece of wire as the antenna). As far as I'm concerned, my decision was to stop any further experiments with SDR-SDR dongles and to revert to more "traditional", quickly functional, light, portable, PC-free, enjoyable approaches to radio listening.

      Elimina
  2. Thanks for that reply. Just to say am elderly ham radio operator G3KTM first licensed in 1955. Had experimented with SDR some years ago using the old Winradio software and homebuild sdr. But like yourself decided it was easier to stay with traditional methods. It was just the 20 euro dongles that renewed my interest. Godd Wishes and 73,s

    RispondiElimina
    Risposte
    1. SDR is a powerful technology and it is very difficult for an all-analog radio to compete with the flexibility and richness of functions that digital signal processing can offer. But, on the other hand, amateur radio is not only made of technology. It is mainly made by freedom, curiosity and joy. In that sense, there is no "must use" technology in ham radio. All the best, 73's

      Elimina
  3. Colega bom dia! Tenho um igual este mas instala os drivers tudo certinho pelo zadig mas o sdrsharp da device not found... o que seria esse problema? Sera que o colega tem o driver que usa no seu? Tks - py2mxh@gmail.com

    RispondiElimina
    Risposte
    1. bom dia Marcos.
      Eu tambem tenho uma placa da mesma.Nao consigo ter recpcao em HF.Voce conseguiu?
      73
      Nivaldo PP2JCM

      Elimina

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